Sudden over-application of the brakes, or braking on low-grip surfaces (surfaces with a low coefficient of friction) such as wet asphalt or manhole covers, may cause a motorcycle's wheel(s) to lock up and slip. ABS was developed to prevent such incidents. Kawasaki ABS systems are controlled by highly precise and extremely reliable programming formulated thorough testing of numerous riding situations. By ensuring stable braking performance, they offer rider reassurance for even greater riding enjoyment.

To meet the special requirements of certain riders, specialized ABS systems are also available. For example, KIBS (Kawasaki Intelligent anti-lock Brake System) is a precision-tuned brake system designed specifically for supersport models, enabling sport riding to be enjoyed by a wider range of riders. By linking the front and rear brakes, K-ACT (Kawasaki Advanced Coactive-braking Technology) ABS provides the confidence to enjoy touring on heavyweight models. Kawasaki is continually working on the development of other advanced ABS systems.

Developed and tested through Kawasaki Factory racing, the Assist & Slipper Clutch utilizes two types of cams. An assist cam and a slipper cam enable the Assist & Slipper Clutch to function in two different ways, with the clutch hub working together or apart from the operating plate.

Under normal operation, the assist cam functions as a self-servo mechanism, pulling the clutch hub and operating plate together to compress the clutch plates. This allows the total clutch-spring load to be reduced, resulting in a lighter clutch feel at the lever.

When excessive engine braking occurs – as a result of quick downshifts (or an accidental downshift) – the slipper cam comes into play, forcing the clutch hub and operating plate apart. This relieves pressure on the clutch plates to reduce back-torque and help prevent the rear tire from hopping and skidding.

Using high-precision electronics for engine management, Kawasaki models can achieve a high level of fuel efficiency. However, fuel consumption is greatly affected by throttle use, gear selection, and other elements under the rider's control. The Economical Riding Indicator is a function that signals when current riding conditions are consuming an optimally low amount of fuel. The system continuously monitors fuel consumption, regardless of vehicle speed, engine speed, throttle position and other riding conditions. When fuel consumption is low for a given speed (i.e., fuel efficiency is high), an "ECO" emblem appears on the LCD screen of the instrument panel. By riding so that the "ECO" mark remains on, fuel consumption can be minimized.

While effective vehicle speed and engine speed may vary by model, paying attention to conditions that cause the "ECO" mark to appear can help riders improve their fuel efficiency – a handy way to increase cruising range. Further, keeping fuel consumption low also helps minimize negative impact on the environment.

Electronic Cruise Control allows the rider to maintain a desired speed (engine rpm) with the simple press of a button. Because the rider does not have to constantly maintain the throttle position, this system allows relaxed cruising. This reduces stress on the right hand when traveling long distances, contributing to a high level of riding comfort.

Electronic Cruise Control is featured on Kawasaki's Vulcan 1700 / VN1700 Series cruisers and Jet Ski Ultra 300X and 300LX personal watercraft series. These models are equipped with an Electronic Throttle Valve system, meaning the throttle valves are not actuated directly by twisting the throttle grip (or pulling the throttle lever); rather, a position sensor on the throttle grip sends a signal to the ECU that determines the ideal throttle position. This is how Electronic Cruise Control is able to automatically adjust engine power to maintain vehicle speed when ascending or descending grades in the road. Without the precise control enabled by Electronic Throttle Valves, functions like Electronic Cruise Control would not be possible.

Kawasaki’s fully electronic throttle actuation system enables the ECU to control the volume of both the fuel (via fuel injectors) and the air (via throttle valves) delivered to the engine. Ideal fuel injection and throttle valve position results in smooth, natural engine response and the ideal engine output. The system also makes a significant contribution to reduced emissions.

Electronic throttle valves also enable more precise control of electronic engine management systems like S-KTRC and KTRC, and allow the implementation of electronic systems like KLCM, Kawasaki Engine Brake Control, and Cruise Control.

The Kawasaki Engine Brake Control system allows riders to select the amount of engine braking they prefer. When the system is activated, the engine braking effect is reduced, providing less interference when riding on the circuit.

Using the latest evolution of Kawasaki’s advanced modeling software and feedback from a compact IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit) that gives an even clearer real-time picture of chassis orientation, KCMF monitors engine and chassis parameters throughout the corner – from entry, through the apex, to corner exit – modulating brake force and engine power to facilitate smooth transition from acceleration to braking and back again, and to assist riders in tracing their intended line through the corner. The systems that KCMF oversees vary by model, but may include:

• S-KTRC/KTRC (including traction, wheelie and sliding control)


• KLCM (including traction and wheelie control)


• KIBS (including pitching and corner braking control)


• Kawasaki Engine Brake Control

Kawasaki developed KIBS to take into account the particular handling characteristics of supersport motorcycles, ensuring highly efficient braking with minimal intrusion during aggressive sport riding. It is the first mass-production brake system to link the ABS ECU (Electronic Control Unit) and engine ECU.

In addition to front and rear wheel speed, KIBS monitors hydraulic pressure of the front brake caliper(s), throttle position, engine speed, clutch actuation and gear position. This diverse information is analyzed to determine the ideal hydraulic pressure for the front brake. Through precise control, the large drops in hydraulic pressure seen on standard ABS systems can be avoided. Additionally, the tendency for the rear wheel of supersport models to lift under heavy braking can be suppressed, allowing the rider to maintain control of the rear brake when downshifting.

When accelerating on a slippery surface, it is easy for the rear wheel to break loose. KTRC was designed to prevent wheel spin (when the rear wheel turns faster than the front) that could result in the loss of control of the bike. Just as ABS prevents the wheels from locking up when braking, this Kawasaki-original Traction Control system prevents the rear tire from slipping. Knowing that the system will intervene to prevent sudden wheel-spin (for example, when the pavement comes to an abrupt end when touring) is a great source of reassurance for riders.

KTRC uses wheel speed sensors to monitor front and rear wheel speed. Engine power is reduced when wheel spin is detected, allowing the rear wheel to regained its grip on the road. KTRC also enables the rear wheel to regain traction in situations where grip is lost temporarily, like when riding over a wet manhole cover.

KTRC uses 3-way control, governing ignition timing, fuel volume and (via the sub-throttle valves) intake air volume. This 3-way control is what enables the system to operate so smoothly, resulting in a very natural and reassuring feel.

It is technologically possible for Traction Control systems to recover from loss of grip without the rider ever realizing that they slipped. However, KTRC lets riders know when road conditions are slippery by purposely delaying intervention for an instant. This is done for two reasons: first, to communicate an accurate picture of current road conditions and what the bike is doing, and second, to ensure that systems provide support for riders – this is the philosophy that drives development of Kawasaki technology.

Power modes offer riders an easily selectable choice between Full and Low Power. While Full Power is unrestricted, in Low Power mode, maximum power is limited to approximately 75-80% of Full. Throttle response is also milder in Low Power mode. Riders may opt to use Low Power mode for rainy conditions or city riding, and Full Power when sport riding.

Available on the Ninja® ZX™-14R / ZZR1400, Versys® 1000 and other Kawasaki models, when combined with the 3-mode KTRC (+ OFF) Traction Control system, Power Mode selection offers a total of eight combinations (KTRC: Mode 1/2/3/+OFF x Power Mode: Full/Low) to suit a wide range of riding situations. For example, an experienced rider enjoying sport riding on dry pavement might choose Full Power and Mode 1. On a wet or slippery surface, choosing Low Power and Mode 3 would yield the lowest chance of incurring wheel-spin, and the milder throttle response would offer a higher level of riding safety.

Drawing on the know-how and technology possessed by the KHI Group, Kawasaki’s supercharged engine delivers high engine output while maintaining a compact design. The key to achieving this incredible performance lies in the engine’s supercharger – a motorcycle-specific unit designed completely in-house with technology from Kawasaki’s Gas Turbine & Machinery Company, Aerospace Company and Corporate Technology Division.

One of the greatest benefits of designing the supercharger in-house and tailoring its design to match the engine’s characteristics was that engineers were able to achieve high-efficiency operation over a wide range of conditions – something that would not have been possible by simply dropping in or trying to adapt an aftermarket automotive supercharger.

The importance of high efficiency in a supercharger is that, as the air is compressed, power-robbing heat gain is minimal. And while many superchargers are able to offer high-efficiency operation in a very limited range of conditions, Kawasaki’s supercharger offers high efficiency over a wide range of pressure ratios and flow rates – meaning over a wide range of engine speeds and vehicle speeds. This wide range of efficient operation (similar to having a wide power band) easily translates to strong acceleration. The supercharger’s high efficiency and minimal heat gain also meant that an intercooler was unnecessary, greatly saving weight and space, and enabling the engine’s compact design.

The strength of Kawasaki’s cutting-edge electronics has always been the highly sophisticated programming that, using minimal hardware, gives the ECU an accurate real-time picture of what the chassis is doing. Kawasaki’s proprietary dynamic modelling program makes skilful use of the magic formula tyre model as it examines changes in multiple parameters, enabling it to take into account changing road and tyre conditions.

The addition of an IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit) enables inertia along 6 DOF (degrees of freedom) to be monitored. Acceleration along longitudinal, transverse and vertical axes, plus roll rate and pitch rate are measured. The yaw rate is calculated by the ECU. This additional feedback contributes to an even clearer real-time picture of chassis orientation, enabling even more precise management for control at the limit.

With the addition of the IMU and the latest evolution of Kawasaki’s advanced modelling software, Kawasaki’s electronic engine and chassis management technology takes the step to the next level – changing from setting-type and reaction-type systems to feedback-type systems – to deliver even greater levels of riding excitement.

In motocross racing, getting a good start is critical. A few tenths of a second can make the difference between getting the holeshot or getting buried in the pack. In slippery conditions, getting the maximum drive from a motocross bike requires precise control of both the clutch and throttle.

Launch Control Mode helps riders get out of the gate quickly by complementing high-level technique with engine management. Featured on a mass-production motocross bike for the first time on Kawasaki's KX™450F, the system activates a separate engine map designed to get a more efficient start off the line. The system is designed to the same specifications as that used by Kawasaki Factory racers competing in the AMA Supercross and Pro Motocross championships.

Launch Control Mode is activated simply by pressing a button on the handlebar. The Launch Control map slightly slows down the ignition timing to help tame the engine's strong torque and reduce wheel-spin off the start. Launch Control Mode is only active in the first two gears off the start, disengaging and returning to the standard engine map automatically once the rider shifts into third gear. The system gives riders a great advantage out of the gate and puts them in a better position to control the race.